strtod(3)

NAME#

strtod, strtof, strtold - convert ASCII string to floating-point number

LIBRARY#

Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS#

#include <stdlib.h>

double strtod(const char *restrict \nnptr\n,\n
\n              char **_Nullable restrict \nendptr\n);\n
\nfloat strtof(const char *restrict \nnptr\n,\n
\n              char **_Nullable restrict \nendptr\n);\n
\nlong double strtold(const char *restrict \nnptr\n,\n
\n              char **_Nullable restrict \nendptr\n);

strtof(), strtold():

\n
    _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L

DESCRIPTION#

The strtod(), strtof(), and strtold() functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively.

The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white space as recognized by isspace(3), an optional plus ('+') or minus sign ('-') and then either (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).

A decimal number consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent, usually '.'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. A decimal exponent consists of an 'E' or 'e', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.

A hexadecimal number consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a nonempty sequence of hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character, optionally followed by a binary exponent. A binary exponent consists of a 'P' or 'p', followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2. At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present.

An infinity is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.

A NAN is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string, (n-char-sequence), where n-char-sequence specifies in an implementation-dependent way the type of NAN (see VERSIONS).

RETURN VALUE#

These functions return the converted value, if any.

If endptr is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.

If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and (unless endptr is null) the value of nptr is stored in the location referenced by endptr.

If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, or HUGE_VALL is returned (according to the return type and sign of the value), and ERANGE is stored in errno.

If the correct value would cause underflow, a value with magnitude no larger than DBL_MIN, FLT_MIN, or LDBL_MIN is returned and ERANGE is stored in errno.

ERRORS#

ERANGE

Overflow or underflow occurred.

ATTRIBUTES#

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

VERSIONS#

In the glibc implementation, the n-char-sequence that optionally follows "NAN" is interpreted as an integer number (with an optional '0' or '0x' prefix to select base 8 or 16) that is to be placed in the mantissa component of the returned value.

STANDARDS#

C11, POSIX.1-2008.

HISTORY#

strtod()

C89, POSIX.1-2001.

strtof()

strtold()

C99, POSIX.1-2001.

CAVEATS#

Since 0 can legitimately be returned on both success and failure, the calling program should set errno to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether errno has a nonzero value after the call.

EXAMPLES#

See the example on the strtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions described in this manual page is similar.

SEE ALSO#

atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), nan(3), nanf(3), nanl(3), strfromd(3), strtol(3), strtoul(3)