slist_first(3)

NAME#

SLIST_EMPTY, SLIST_ENTRY, SLIST_FIRST, SLIST_FOREACH, SLIST_HEAD, SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER, SLIST_INIT, SLIST_INSERT_AFTER, SLIST_INSERT_HEAD, SLIST_NEXT, SLIST_REMOVE, SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD - implementation of a singly linked list

LIBRARY#

Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS#

#include <sys/queue.h>

SLIST_ENTRY(TYPE);

SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE);\n
\nSLIST_HEAD SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(SLIST_HEAD \nhead\n);\n
\nvoid SLIST_INIT(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n);

int SLIST_EMPTY(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n);

void SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n,\n
\n                        struct TYPE *\nelm\n, SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);\n
\nvoid SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(struct TYPE *\nlistelm\n,\n
\n                        struct TYPE *\nelm\n, SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);

struct TYPE *SLIST_FIRST(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n);\n
\nstruct TYPE *SLIST_NEXT(struct TYPE *\nelm\n, SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);

SLIST_FOREACH(struct TYPE *\nvar\n, SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n, SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);

void SLIST_REMOVE(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n, struct TYPE *\nelm\n,\n
\n                        SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);\n
\nvoid SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(SLIST_HEAD *\nhead\n,\n
\n                        SLIST_ENTRY \nNAME\n);

DESCRIPTION#

These macros define and operate on singly linked lists.

In the macro definitions, TYPE is the name of a user-defined structure, that must contain a field of type SLIST_ENTRY, named NAME. The argument HEADNAME is the name of a user-defined structure that must be declared using the macro SLIST_HEAD().

Creation#

A singly linked list is headed by a structure defined by the SLIST_HEAD() macro. This structure contains a single pointer to the first element on the list. The elements are singly linked for minimum space and pointer manipulation overhead at the expense of O(n) removal for arbitrary elements. New elements can be added to the list after an existing element or at the head of the list. An SLIST_HEAD structure is declared as follows:

SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;

where struct HEADNAME is the structure to be defined, and struct TYPE is the type of the elements to be linked into the list. A pointer to the head of the list can later be declared as:

struct HEADNAME *headp;

(The names head and headp are user selectable.)

SLIST_ENTRY() declares a structure that connects the elements in the list.

SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER() evaluates to an initializer for the list head.

SLIST_INIT() initializes the list referenced by head.

SLIST_EMPTY() evaluates to true if there are no elements in the list.

Insertion#

SLIST_INSERT_HEAD() inserts the new element elm at the head of the list.

SLIST_INSERT_AFTER() inserts the new element elm after the element listelm.

Traversal#

SLIST_FIRST() returns the first element in the list, or NULL if the list is empty.

SLIST_NEXT() returns the next element in the list.

SLIST_FOREACH() traverses the list referenced by head in the forward direction, assigning each element in turn to var.

Removal#

SLIST_REMOVE() removes the element elm from the list.

SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD() removes the element elm from the head of the list. For optimum efficiency, elements being removed from the head of the list should explicitly use this macro instead of the generic SLIST_REMOVE().

RETURN VALUE#

SLIST_EMPTY() returns nonzero if the list is empty, and zero if the list contains at least one entry.

SLIST_FIRST(), and SLIST_NEXT() return a pointer to the first or next TYPE structure, respectively.

SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER() returns an initializer that can be assigned to the list head.

STANDARDS#

BSD.

HISTORY#

4.4BSD.

BUGS#

SLIST_FOREACH() doesn't allow var to be removed or freed within the loop, as it would interfere with the traversal. SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(), which is present on the BSDs but is not present in glibc, fixes this limitation by allowing var to safely be removed from the list and freed from within the loop without interfering with the traversal.

EXAMPLES#

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
struct entry {
\n
    int data;
\n
    SLIST_ENTRY(entry) entries;             /* Singly linked list */
};
SLIST_HEAD(slisthead, entry);
int
main(void)
{
\n
    struct entry *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
\n
    struct slisthead head;                  /* Singly linked list
\n
                                               head */
\n
    SLIST_INIT(&head);                      /* Initialize the queue */
\n
    n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert at the head */
\n
    SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
\n
    n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));      /* Insert after */
\n
    SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
\n
    SLIST_REMOVE(&head, n2, entry, entries);/* Deletion */
\n
    free(n2);
\n
    n3 = SLIST_FIRST(&head);
\n
    SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);      /* Deletion from the head */
\n
    free(n3);
\n
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
\n
        n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry));
\n
        SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
\n
        n1->data = i;
\n
    }
\n
                                            /* Forward traversal */
\n
    SLIST_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
\n
        printf("%i\n", np->data);
\n
    while (!SLIST_EMPTY(&head)) {           /* List deletion */
\n
        n1 = SLIST_FIRST(&head);
\n
        SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
\n
        free(n1);
\n
    }
\n
    SLIST_INIT(&head);
\n
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

SEE ALSO#

insque(3), queue(7)