perror(3)

NAME#

perror - print a system error message

LIBRARY#

Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS#

#include <stdio.h>

void perror(const char *\ns\n);

#include <errno.h>

int \nerrno\n;       /* Not really declared this way; see errno(3) */

[[deprecated]] const char *const \nsys_errlist\n[];\n
\n[[deprecated]] int \nsys_nerr\n;

sys_errlist, sys_nerr:

\n
    From glibc 2.19 to glibc 2.31:
\n
        _DEFAULT_SOURCE
\n
    glibc 2.19 and earlier:
\n
        _BSD_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION#

The perror() function produces a message on standard error describing the last error encountered during a call to a system or library function.

First (if s is not NULL and *s is not a null byte ('\0')), the argument string s is printed, followed by a colon and a blank. Then an error message corresponding to the current value of errno and a new-line.

To be of most use, the argument string should include the name of the function that incurred the error.

The global error list sys_errlist[], which can be indexed by errno, can be used to obtain the error message without the newline. The largest message number provided in the table is sys_nerr-1. Be careful when directly accessing this list, because new error values may not have been added to sys_errlist[]. The use of sys_errlist[] is nowadays deprecated; use strerror(3) instead.

When a system call fails, it usually returns -1 and sets the variable errno to a value describing what went wrong. (These values can be found in <errno.h>.) Many library functions do likewise. The function perror() serves to translate this error code into human-readable form. Note that errno is undefined after a successful system call or library function call: this call may well change this variable, even though it succeeds, for example because it internally used some other library function that failed. Thus, if a failing call is not immediately followed by a call to perror(), the value of errno should be saved.

ATTRIBUTES#

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

STANDARDS#

errno

perror()

C11, POSIX.1-2008.

sys_nerr

sys_errlist

BSD.

HISTORY#

errno

perror()

POSIX.1-2001, C89, 4.3BSD.

sys_nerr

sys_errlist

Removed in glibc 2.32.

SEE ALSO#

err(3), errno(3), error(3), strerror(3)