diff(1)

NAME#

diff - compare files line by line

SYNOPSIS#

diff [OPTION]... FILES

DESCRIPTION#

Compare FILES line by line.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

--normal

output a normal diff (the default)

-q, --brief

report only when files differ

-s, --report-identical-files

report when two files are the same

-c, -C NUM, --context[=NUM]

output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context

-u, -U NUM, --unified[=NUM]

output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context

-e, --ed

output an ed script

-n, --rcs

output an RCS format diff

-y, --side-by-side

output in two columns

-W, --width=NUM

output at most NUM (default 130) print columns

--left-column

output only the left column of common lines

--suppress-common-lines

do not output common lines

-p, --show-c-function

show which C function each change is in

-F, --show-function-line=RE

show the most recent line matching RE

--label LABEL

use LABEL instead of file name and timestamp (can be repeated)

-t, --expand-tabs

expand tabs to spaces in output

-T, --initial-tab

make tabs line up by prepending a tab

--tabsize=NUM

tab stops every NUM (default 8) print columns

--suppress-blank-empty

suppress space or tab before empty output lines

-l, --paginate

pass output through 'pr' to paginate it

-r, --recursive

recursively compare any subdirectories found

--no-dereference

don't follow symbolic links

-N, --new-file

treat absent files as empty

--unidirectional-new-file

treat absent first files as empty

--ignore-file-name-case

ignore case when comparing file names

--no-ignore-file-name-case

consider case when comparing file names

-x, --exclude=PAT

exclude files that match PAT

-X, --exclude-from=FILE

exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

-S, --starting-file=FILE

start with FILE when comparing directories

--from-file=FILE1

compare FILE1 to all operands; FILE1 can be a directory

--to-file=FILE2

compare all operands to FILE2; FILE2 can be a directory

-i, --ignore-case

ignore case differences in file contents

-E, --ignore-tab-expansion

ignore changes due to tab expansion

-Z, --ignore-trailing-space

ignore white space at line end

-b, --ignore-space-change

ignore changes in the amount of white space

-w, --ignore-all-space

ignore all white space

-B, --ignore-blank-lines

ignore changes where lines are all blank

-I, --ignore-matching-lines=RE

ignore changes where all lines match RE

-a, --text

treat all files as text

--strip-trailing-cr

strip trailing carriage return on input

-D, --ifdef=NAME

output merged file with '#ifdef NAME' diffs

--GTYPE-group-format=GFMT

format GTYPE input groups with GFMT

--line-format=LFMT

format all input lines with LFMT

--LTYPE-line-format=LFMT

format LTYPE input lines with LFMT

These format options provide fine-grained control over the output

of diff, generalizing -D/--ifdef.

LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'.

GTYPE is LTYPE or 'changed'.

GFMT (only) may contain:

%<

lines from FILE1

%>

lines from FILE2

%=

lines common to FILE1 and FILE2

%[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER

printf-style spec for LETTER

LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group:

F

first line number

L

last line number

N

number of lines = L-F+1

E

F-1

M

L+1

%(A=B?T:E)

if A equals B then T else E

LFMT (only) may contain:

%L

contents of line

%l

contents of line, excluding any trailing newline

%[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n

printf-style spec for input line number

Both GFMT and LFMT may contain:

%%

%

%c'C'

the single character C

%c'\OOO'

the character with octal code OOO

C

the character C (other characters represent themselves)

-d, --minimal

try hard to find a smaller set of changes

--horizon-lines=NUM

keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix

--speed-large-files

assume large files and many scattered small changes

--color[=WHEN]

color output; WHEN is 'never', 'always', or 'auto'; plain --color means --color='auto'

--palette=PALETTE

the colors to use when --color is active; PALETTE is a colon-separated list of terminfo capabilities

--help

display this help and exit

-v, --version

output version information and exit

FILES are 'FILE1 FILE2' or 'DIR1 DIR2' or 'DIR FILE' or 'FILE DIR'. If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILE(s). If a FILE is '-', read standard input. Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.

AUTHOR#

Written by Paul Eggert, Mike Haertel, David Hayes, Richard Stallman, and Len Tower.

REPORTING BUGS#

Report bugs to: [email protected] GNU diffutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/> General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

COPYRIGHT#

Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO#

wdiff(1), cmp(1), diff3(1), sdiff(1), patch(1)

The full documentation for diff is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and diff programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info diff

should give you access to the complete manual.