NAME
complex - basics of complex mathematics
LIBRARY
Math library (libm, -lm)
SYNOPSIS
#include <complex.h>DESCRIPTION
Complex numbers are numbers of the form z = a+b*i, where a and b are real numbers and i = sqrt(-1), so that i*i = -1.
There are other ways to represent that number. The pair (a,b) of real numbers may be viewed as a point in the plane, given by X- and Y-coordinates. This same point may also be described by giving the pair of real numbers (r,phi), where r is the distance to the origin O, and phi the angle between the X-axis and the line Oz. Now z = r*exp(i*phi) = r*(cos(phi)+i*sin(phi)).
The basic operations are defined on z = a+b*i and w = c+d*i as:
- addition: z+w = (a+c) + (b+d)*i
- multiplication: z*w = (a*c - b*d) + (a*d + b*c)*i
- division: z/w = ((a*c + b*d)/(c*c + d*d)) + ((b*c - a*d)/(c*c + d*d))*i
Nearly all math function have a complex counterpart but there are some complex-only functions.
EXAMPLES
Your C-compiler can work with complex numbers if it supports the C99 standard. The imaginary unit is represented by I.
/* check that exp(i * pi) == -1 */
#include <math.h> /* for atan */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <complex.h>
int
main(void)
{
\n
double pi = 4 * atan(1.0);
\n
double complex z = cexp(I * pi);
\n
printf("%f + %f * i\n", creal(z), cimag(z));
}SEE ALSO
cabs(3), cacos(3), cacosh(3), carg(3), casin(3), casinh(3), catan(3), catanh(3), ccos(3), ccosh(3), cerf(3), cexp(3), cexp2(3), cimag(3), clog(3), clog10(3), clog2(3), conj(3), cpow(3), cproj(3), creal(3), csin(3), csinh(3), csqrt(3), ctan(3), ctanh(3)